Impact on Fertility and Menopause Cigarette smoking is associated with decreased fertility in both males and females
Cigarette companies also mislead consumers about the relative harms of certain types of cigarettes through the use of colors (light colors appear to imply a product is safer) and language (think light, organic, or low tar)
Participants were randomly assigned to receive either text-only or pictorial warnings on their cigarette packs for four weeks, and research staff placed the warnings on cigarette packs that smokers brought with them when they attended weekly visits
Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths in the United States each year
The study, commissioned by the Department of Health, draws on the latest data from the British Doctors Study, which began in 1951 as one of the worlds first large studies into the effects of smoking, and the Million Women Study, which has tracked womens health since 1996