Cyclic stretch and hypoxia synergistically increased ROS production, and both independently increased IL-6 secretion, nerve growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) secretion, with the latter two being implicated in endothelial cell proliferation
These factors further drive gene mutations, inflammatory signaling, and ROS accumulation, forming a self-perpetuating cycle of oxidative stress, which creates a vicious circle and causes continuous oxidative stress
GHK-Cu promotes VEGF production, improving the vascular network around follicles
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 117.Mayes S., Calhoun S.L., Aggarwal R., Baker C., Mathapati S., Molitoris S., Mayes R.D
Any claim that one outperforms the other is cross-trial inference, not a measured result