Studies treating mild to moderate B12 deficiency in older people have failed to provide cognitive benefits: A clinical trial from the Netherlands measured the cognitive response to B12 supplements in people 70 years old with mild B12 deficiency and MMA levels 320 nmol/l (average: ~450 nmol/l)
Its targeted mechanism makes it a valuable tool for researchers studying enzyme-driven metabolic regulation, pathway efficiency, and integrated cellular energy systems
Current investigations continue to assess NNMT-associated enzymatic activity, NAD+-related signaling, and cellular energy metabolism behavior across different in vitro systems and analytical frameworks
While its found in foods like meat and dairy, some individuals may struggle to absorb enough B12 through diet alone , leading to fatigue, memory issues, and other symptoms
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13.Kannt A, Pfenninger A, Teichert L, Tonjes A, Dietrich A, Schon MR, Kloting N, Bluher M
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