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Frequently Asked Questions How long does it take for vitamin B12 to relieve nerve pain
J Sea Res 39:125137 Johnson LL, Collier TK, Stein JE (2002) An analysis in support of sediment quality thresholds for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to protect estuarine fish
GSH is an antioxidant that plays an important role in ROS scavenging and is present at high levels in mammalian cells
Abbreviations 3-NT: 3-nitrotyrosine 4-HNE: 4-hydroxy-nonenal 8-OHdG: 8- hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor AKT: protein kinase B AMP: adenosine monophosphate AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ARE: antioxidant responsive element BACH1: broad complex-tramtrack-bric brac and cap n collar homolog 1 BACH2: broad complex-tramtrack-bric brac and cap n collar homolog 2 BBB: blood-brain barrier BRCA1: breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 BTB: Broad complex/Tramtrack/Bric brac bZIP: basic region leucine zipper C9orf72: chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 Cal: calpain CAT: catalase CAV1: caveolin-1 CBP: CREB-binding protein CHD6: chromo-ATPase/helicase DNA-binding protein 6 CK2: casein kinase 2 CNC: cap n collar CNS: central nervous system CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein CRIF1: CR6-interacting Factor 1 CRM1: chromosomal region maintenance 1 CSF: cerebrospinal fluid CUL3: cullin 3 DEM: diethyl maleate DGR: Double glycine repeat DLG: Aspartic acid-Leucine-Glycine DMF: dimethylfumarate DPP3: dipeptidyl-peptidase 3 DSAPGS: Aspartic acid-Serine-Alanine-Proline-Glycine-Serine DSGIS: Aspartic acid-Serine-Glycine-Isoleucine-Serine ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 ETGE: Glutamic acid-Threonine-Glycine-Glutamic acid FUS: fused in Sarcoma GBE: glycogen branching enzyme GCL: glutamate-cysteine ligase GCLM: glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier GPx: glutathione peroxidase GSH: glutathione GSK-3: glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta H 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxide HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha HO1: heme oxygenase 1 HO 2 : hydroperoxyl radical H 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxide hPAP: human placental alkaline phosphatase HRD1: synoviolin IVR: central intervening region JNK1/2: c-jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1 MAPKs: mitogen-activated protein kinases MDA: malondialdehyde MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts Mgst1: microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 miRNA: microRNA MMF: monomethylfumarate NAPDH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NEDD8: neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8 Neh: Nrf2-ECH homology NES: Nuclear Export Signal NLS: Nuclear Localization Signal NFE2L2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 gene NF-B: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NGF: Nerve Growth Factor NO : nitric oxide radical NO 2 : nitrogen dioxide radical NOTCH1: neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 NPC: nuclear pore complex NQO1: NADPH quinone dehydrogenase NRF2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 O 2 : molecular oxygen O 2 - : superoxide anion OH: hydroxyl radical ONOO : peroxynitrite OS: oxidative stress OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation PALB2: partner and localizer of BRCA2 PGAM5: phosphoglycerate mutase 5 PHKA1: phosphorylase b kinase subunit A1 PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKC: protein kinase C PNS: peripheral nervous system ProT: prothymosin alpha RAC3: receptor-associated coactivator 3 RBM45: RNA binding protein 45 RBX1: RING box protein 1 RNS: reactive nitrogen species ROO: peroxyl radical ROS: reactive oxygen species RS : thiyl radicals RSOH: sulfenic acid RS(O) SR: thiosulfinate RS(O 2 ) SR: thiosulfonate RSS: reactive sulfur species RSSR: disulfides RXR : retinoid X receptor alpha SFN: sulforaphane SIAH2: seven in absentia homolog 2 Sirt1: Sirtuin 1 sMaf: small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1 SQSTM1: sequestosome-1 gene TARDBP: TAR DNA-binding protein 43 gene TCTP: translationally controlled tumor protein TDP-43: TAR DNA-binding protein 43 -TrCP: -transducin repeat-containing protein Ub: ubiquitin UCH-L1: ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isoenzyme L1 UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system XRE: xenobiotic response element References Chiurchi V, Orlacchio A, Maccarrone M
