Firstly, chloroplasts actively down-regulate 53 and reduce the processing of RNA encoding genes in photosynthesis-related apparatus 54 , control the routes of chloroplast protein import 55 , phosphorylate chloroplast proteins to inhibit electron transport rate 56,57 , reduce cyclic electron flow (CEF), reduce NPQ, and degrade PSII 15,58 , and finally inhibit photosynthesis to reduce energy obtained by other cellular activities and pathogens and prioritize energy investments
Chen C, Thunell J, Zissimopoulos J
One specific site of histone lactylation, H3K18la, has been found to bind multiple gene promoters and enhance transcriptional regulation through marker enhancers 26,27
Determinants of infertility in couples
Xenophagy is another form of selective autophagy responsible for elimination of pathogens or clearance of invading bacteria which, like mitophagy, relies on TBK1 ( Figure 5 )