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Rodent GI transit is faster, stomach volume relative to body mass is different, and rodent gavage studies deliver the peptide directly to the stomach bypassing the oral cavity

K.PandeyS.SinghB

Figure 1 demonstrates that diminished Se levels and decreased thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) expression compromise antioxidant defense in the thyroid gland

Moreover, in the reviewed studies, riboflavin has been reported to increase vitamin E (Reference Btn, Nazrolu and Demirci24,Reference Nazrolu, elik and Uuz37) and vitamin C (Reference Btn, Nazrolu and Demirci24) levels in the brain of rats, which highlights another path through which riboflavin may exert its antioxidant properties

Available online at: (Accessed July 20, 2025)