spark plug tobacco G. L. Pease Tobacco Review - G.L Pease

It is important to note that this was a cross-sectional study, therefore the findings of associations between a range of variables and smoking does not indicate a causal relationship

Part of that is smoking, its now known that smoking is a factor in causing diabetes, part of it is poor diet, obesity, lack of health care, high rates of poverty, etc

Males who smoke will take about 12 years off their life and women who smoke shorten their lives by 11 years

Retrieved November 10, 2025

An aOR value of 1.80 was observed for ever electronic cigarette usage versus never electronic cigarette for persistent smoking habits post-30 days in the fifth wave