Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa (which can be caused by ingestion of corrosives, extensive tumors, and conditions associated with gastric atrophy, such as multiple sclerosis, certain endocrine disorders, iron deficiency, and subtotal gastrectomy) Structural lesions leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency, including regional ileitis, ileal reactions, and malignancies Competition for vitamin B 12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria
What do vitamin injections help with
The 5 mg/mL concentration (2.0 mL water) doubles the volume, cutting the amount per unit in half
Compare oral spray vitamins vs pills by absorption, cost, and convenience
This outcome results from combined mechanisms of increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased lipogenesis